Monthly Archives: January 2011

Foreign Investment Scams, Slouching Toward Disaster II

by Richard W. Wise, G.G.

©2010

Of Dentists and Doughboys:

What is it about gemstones that gives buyers the idea that somewhere, somehow they can get something for nothing?  Why are dentists particularly vulnerable?   Over the course of my career I have spoken to not less than five members of that gullible fraternity who “invested” in gems.  One salesman told my dentist that Japanese investors were eager to pay twice the price for low grade aquarium gravel contained in that little sealed packet.  “Why didn’t you suggest that the salesman board a jet to Tokyo and reap those high profits”?  I asked Dr. Pain.  He shrugged, smiled sheepishly and looked down at his shoes.

Did you hear the one about the smart New York lawyer who, after I told him about a buying trip to Thailand and Burma, blithely asked, “Yeah, but do they know what they’ve got?”  Well, yes Virgina, these folks have  have been mining and marketing gems since the Bronze Age, I think it’s fair to say that they have finally figured it out.

A Potentially Explosive Investment:

I suppose the neophyte gem investor is really no different from the clueless homeowner who believed those friendly folks at Country-Wide when they told him he could support his lifestyle by the continued plundering of the equity in his home and is now so far underwater he can’t even draw breath through a snorkel—a fool and his money…I remember another occasion, a young couple, yoga students who had spent time in an ashram in India.  They met an Indian fellow who’s father owned a ruby mine.  Despite my warnings they returned to India and sunk $10,000 into dyed and oiled ruby bead made from low-grade East African rough that originally sold for $150.00 per kilo.

Emerald Mine, Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan:  Photo courtesy Vincent Pardieu

Emerald Mine, Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan: Photo courtesy Vincent Pardieu

More recently I was approached by two army officers currently serving in Afghanistan to appraise gemstones that they had bought for investment.   One of the men, a lieutenant who seemed particularly eager to buy, told me he was a specialist in the very dangerous profession of mine clearance.  I advised him to stop buying and volunteered to take a look at his purchases.  After vetting his collection which included lead-glass filled ruby and low end tanzanite, I suggested that purchasing gems for investment on the open market in Afghanistan could very likely have a more explosive impact on his finances than his current day job.

Our service members should be aware that there appears to be an entire industry in Afghanistan, similar to the one that existed in Pattaya, Thailand during the Vietnam War, dedicated to fleecing members of the American military.  According to Gary Bowersox, a gem dealer who travels frequently to Afghanistan and co-author of Gemstones of Afghanistan: “The Afghanistan market is flooded with treated and synthetic gems where uneducated Afghan gem dealers are selling volumes of gems to foreign soldiers who are also uneducated in gemology.”

Professional appraiser, Charlene Bradbury, G.G. has appraised 50-100 stones brought back by approximately ten servicemen from Afghanistan over the past two years.  she notes that 90% were either synthetic with a fairly large proportion of lead glass filled rubies.  Most others  were low grade, lead glass filled rubies.

Get The Lead Out:  Lead glass filled ruby after removal of some of the filling

Getting The Lead Out: (above)Lead glass filled ruby after heating that removed some of the glass. Below: Same ruby under magnification. Photo: Shane F. McClure

Our Responsibility:

I know that I promised more on the topic of Online Gem Evaluation and I will, but I really feel that my experience with the two army officers is a cautionary tale that needed to be told.  Our boys in the military are doing a dirty and very dangerous job for us in Afghanistan and I believe that we, as members of the gem fraternity, have a responsibility to protect them in whatever small way we can.

Countdown To Tucson:

The annual free-for-all smorgasbord known collectively as the Tucson Gem Shows will begin at the end of this month.  I have been attending the shows for over twenty-five years and have watched awestruck by the spectacular growth of this annual event.  My wife and I spend two weeks and work every day and still find it impossible to take in all of the shows.  As always, I enjoy the hunt.  It can be frustrating but there is nothing more satisfying than the thrill of sourcing a particularly fine gem at an out of the way booth, tucked into some back alley show.

Online Gem Evaluation or Slouching Toward Disaster:

by Richard W. Wise, G.G.,

author:  Secrets Of The Gem Trade.

©2010

With the commercialization of the internet we have entered a new era for collectors of all stripes.  Whether you are interested in antiquarian books or colored gemstones there is a great deal of information available and the opportunity to compare prices for the best deal.

If you are buying a commodity and I define commodities as items of uniform quality that are produced in multiples, comparisons are straight forward.  Deciding between two new copies of the latest Jacky Collins romance novel is simply a question of price though you have to watch the shipping charge.

When it comes to collectibles, such as old coins where condition is a  primary determinant of price, the buying decision becomes a bit more difficult.  Two identical 1870 U. S. ten dollar gold pieces will vary dramatically depending upon condition.

Purchasing gemstones is much more complicated.  First, no two gems are alike.   Even colorless round brilliant cut diamonds that are traded with “certificates” that grade each of the four C’s vary in the relative percentages of brilliance, dispersion and scintillation.  Even the so-called “ideal cuts” will vary markedly because the definition of what constitutes ideal varies from lab to lab.

Colored gemstones present an even broader set of variables and presents an almost insurmountable barrier to effective online comparison.  In gemstones, color is the most important determinant of value and sub-divides into three factors, or values; hue, saturation and tone.   Accurate grading of a gemstone depends upon two factors;  the lighting that the gem is viewed in and the viewer.  Change either and you no longer have consistent or accurate grading.

Online Color Comparison; The Impossible Dream:

The rise of internet forums has lead to the dubious practice of online grading by pixel.   A neophyte gem buyer will post an image of a prospective purchase with a plea to the forum members to basically appraise the gem and by comparing quality with the purchase price, determine if said newby is getting a good deal.   Unfortunately a number of forum members, many of whom ought to know better, jump in and tender their opinions.   Though many online grading gurus would disagree, this sort of color comparison is nearly impossible.

There are a host of variables each of which will fundamentally alter the color that you think, you see.   The image itself was taken by a specific camera in a specific lighting environment.   Each make and model of camera has specific pluses and minus when it comes to accurately rendering color.  Some are good with greens, some with blues others with reds.   The color temperature of the specific lighting will make a big difference is the color you see.  Natural light is reddish at dawn, turns yellow in the late morning, is neutral white at noon then turns bluish in the afternoon and finally reddish again at sunset.   Artificial light can be controlled to emit almost any hue all of which affect the apparent color of gemstones.

Apparent color can also be altered by easily altered by editing software.  Photoshop, the world’s most popular color editing software employs sophisticated tools that can easily alter the hue/saturation/tone of an image.  With five minutes of training, the most unsophisticated Photoshop user can be taught to turn a ruby into an amethyst or even turn it green as an emerald.   Though I have seen some forum gurus claim to be able to detect images that have been altered, such claims are pure nonsense.

Now we get to the monitors.  Each monitor is different.  24 bit monitors differ markedly from 16 bits and from manufacturer to manufacturer and even day to day.  Jennifer Robbins author of Learning Web Design tells her readers:   “Let go of precise color control. Yes, once again, the best practice is to acknowledge that the colors you pick won’t look the same to everyone, and live with it. Precise color is not a priority in this medium where the colors you see can change based on the platform, monitor bit-depth, or even the angle of the laptop screen.”

No Computer Monitor on Earth…

On one popular forum this spessartite garnet, offered by a Thai vendor,  was said to show brown.  Anyone with experience photographing this gem variety knows that the camera will often show brown where there is none.  A result of off axis refraction.

On one popular forum this spessartite garnet, offered by a Thai vendor, was said be brown or brownish. Though all my monitor shows is deep orange, those with experience photographing this gem variety know that the camera will often show brown where none exists. This is a result of lighting and off axis refraction.

The problem in accepting Ms. Robbin’s advise is that precise color is a priority nay a necessity in color grading gemstones.   The Colorscan grading system pioneered by C. R. Beasley, founder of American Gemological Laboratories (AGL), the only U. S. lab that quality grades colored stones uses 36 different hue/tone combinations together with two degrees of gray masks yielding 108 different colors each associated with a specific quality level and therefore price, in blue sapphire.  No color monitor on earth, even if properly calibrated can render all these combinations.  The current director, Gemologist Christopher Smith, uses sample gemstones for stone to stone comparisons, he says he has literally hundreds of sample stones.

Viewed face-up, a gemstone is a mosaic of color, it is a complex scene.  A static image captures but one aspect of a gem under a specific lighting environment.  Many factors will effect the image you see.  Lighting, viewing angle, lens and angles of refraction.  The images shown here illustrate some of the problems.

I’ve chosen to discuss brown in orange gemstones because brown is dark toned orange.  This means that the color you see is particularly vulnerable to misinterpretation.   The gemstone acts a a prism, bending and bouncing light about like a demented pinball.  If the light ray refracts at an angle from the perpendicular, off axis, the hue will appear darker, if totally away from the eye, black.

This professionally taken image of a 3.29 carat Nigerian spessartite from my inventory is almost identical in color (hue/saturation/tone) with the 7.46 carat stone at left yet it appears on my monitor as 15% darker in tone.

This professionally taken image of a 3.29 carat Nigerian spessartite from my inventory is almost identical in color (hue/saturation/tone) with the 7.46 carat stone at left yet it appears on my monitor as distinctly more orange and 15% darker in tone. Photo: Jeff Scovil

This 7.46 carat spessartite shows visible brown.  It is from my own inventory so I can state with certainty that the stone itself has absolutely no brown.

In the image, this 7.46 carat spessartite shows a distinct visible brown. It is from my own inventory so I can state with certainty that the stone is a rich, vivid pure orange with absolutely no brown secondary hue or mask. On my monitor, the stone the image appears distinctly yellowish with brownish scintillation. Compare to the image of the 3.29 carat stone at right. Photo: Jeff Scovil

The Nuances of Grading:

Few jewelers and fewer collectors ever have the opportunity to see the complete range of quality possible in any given gem variety, be it sapphire, ruby, emerald or spessartite.   Without that overview a grader lacks context.  As the quality of a given gem approaches perfection, the beauty and rarity and therefore the price of a gemstone will increase dramatically.  In the next post I will discuss the subtle nuances of grading that define those gems that are truly transcendent. Stay Tuned or sign up.  You can receive GemWise by email or RSS feed, don’t miss another gonzo post, look along the right side and sign up !  I don’t guarantee that you will always agree but I promise it will never be boring.  Comments welcome!